The constitutional crisis started when the conservative nationalist Law and Justice (PiS) party, winner of October's parliamentary election, appointed five judges to the 15-member court, Poland's highest. Until now, a minimum of five judges were required to vote on any particular case. But the amendment requires the court to adopt most of its rulings by a two-thirds margin, which could oblige the court's head to include the five PiS-chosen judges in any rulings or paralyze its decision making.

Erode checks on government powers

The government said the move was necessary for the court to properly reflect the results of the election. But the appointments have been labelled illegal by opposition leaders, triggered public protests and increased investor jitters. The EU executive last week expressed concern over the new rules, which rights activists say will erode checks and balances in government powers. Source: Reuters